Rohelise ja targema energiatootmise nimel tasub igal juhul pingutada
2013. aasta alguses saab iga kodumajapidamine osakeseks avatud Eesti elektriturust ning liigutakse selles suunas, et üksikud kodud ja isegi kodumasinad suudaksid käituda nii tootja kui ka tarbijana. Siin on võimalus ühtlustada piirkondlikku arengut ning leida ehk ka võimalus uutmoodi ettevõtluseks ning tehnoloogia ekspordiks. Võti peituks koostootmise (soojus- ja elektrienergia) väiksemal skaalal kasutuselevõtus.Paljud alevid ning harvemalt asustatud piirkonnad kasutavad küttesüsteemides erinevaid fossiilkütuseid, mistõttu soojusenergia hind kõigub €50 ja €100 vahel megavatt-tunni eest. Eriti valus on soojahinna kõikumine maapiirkondades, kus inimeste sissetulekud on väiksemad ning elutingimused kehvemad. Mainimata ei saa ka jätta paljuräägitud energiajulgeolekut ning sõltuvust energiast, mis tuleb välismaalt.
Puit on Eesti maapiirkondades väga hästi kättesaadav ja praegugi laialdaselt kasutatav pelletite, hakkpuidu ning väiksemates kodumajapidamistes halupuiduna. Üks otstarbekamaid mooduseid puidu kasutamiseks ning koostootmise rakendamiseks on puit gaasistada. Eralduv soojus on piisav, et tagada vajadus suuremates majapidamistes ja/või alevike keskküttesüsteemides (katlad soojusvõimsusega 0,5-1 MW) ning gaasiga on võimalik käitada generaatoreid, mis toodavad võrku müügiks elektrit. Uudsed seadmed tarbiks poole vähem puitu kui praegu kasutusel olev süsteem, kuid võimaldaksid lisaks soojusvarustuse tagamisele ära kasutada pea kõik puidus oleva energia.
Finantsilise poole pealt on taoline projekt tehnoloogia uudsuse ja vähese leviku tõttu ehk tasuvusajaga 8-9 aastat, kuid tegemist oleks väga pikalt kestva ning stabiilse investeeringuga ning elektrimüügi tasuvuse aspektist on ülioluline taastuvenergia tasu ja toetuse olemasolu. Elektritootmine oleks suurim talvisel ajal, kui soojatarve on suurem ning seega on ka elektri müügist saadavad tulud suuremad. Puitu on võimalik võrdlemisi lihtsalt ette varuda ning hoiustada ning pikaajalised koostöökokkulepped võiks tagada ka soodsama kütusehinna. Elektri müük loob ka lisapuhvri, mis võimaldab soojahinna ühtlasel tasemel. Ülo Kask pakkus välja energiaühistute moodustamise (http://www.maaleht.ee/news/mets/metsuudised/ulo-kask-igas-kulas-saaks-oma-puidust-toota-elektrit.d?id=64153993) ning taoline projekt tooks puiduga tegelevad eraisikud ja ettevõtted teineteisele lähemale ning parandada koostööd-ühtekuuluvust maapiirkondades. Madalamad kommunaalkulud, rohelisem ning sõltumatu energiatootmine ning koos töötavad tulevikku suunatud mõtteviisiga elanikud võiksid olla stiimuliks, mis elu ergutaks. Taani ja tuuleenergia näide on, et koperatiivid ning avalikkuse toetus võivad tuua suurt tulu. Nüüd, kui Nokiast rääkimine pole ehk hea tooniga võiks koostootmine väikeses mahus sel viisil olla Taani eeskujul Eesti ekspordiartikliks
(Ilmunud Maalehes)
English summary:
Greener and wiser energy production is worth the effort
In the beginning of 2013 every Estonian household will become a part of the open electricity market (as consumers) and there is an opportunity to use this to our advantage to balance regional development and maybe find ways for a new kind of entrepreneurship and technology export. The opportunity could lie in applying combined heat and power generation on a small scale.
Most of the areas with low population density use fossil fuels in their central heating systems, thus the price for MWh is between €50-€100. Especially harsh is the difference in rural areas where the income is lower and living conditions worse.
Wood is in the rural areas of Estonia available in abundance and also widely used in the form of pellets, wood chips and firewood. One of the most effective ways to use wood for heating is to produce wood gas. The heat produced in this way is sufficient for bigger households (farms for example) and central heating systems of smaller hamlets (<1 MW of thermal power). The gas enables to use generators to produce electricity that could be sold to the grid. Novel systems consume half of the fuel and utilize nearly all the energy available in wood.
From the financial aspect, a project of this kind would maybe pay off in 8 to 9 years, but it would be a long-lasting and stable investment. From the aspect of electricity sales the subsidies and feed-in-tariffs are of utmost importance. Production and also the consumption of electricity would be largest during winter, thus the price of electricity sold and the income from sales would be the highest. It is possible to store wood over longer periods of time and long-term supply contracts could grant a more stable, perhaps lower, fuel price. Sales of electricity also create an additional buffer helping to regulate the price of heat sold to the consumers.
Ülo Kask offered the forming of energy unions and a project like this would bring people and companies dealing in wood closer and help to increase cooperation in rural areas. Lower utility costs, greener and independent energy production together with citizens thinking of the future would make the rural areas lively once again. The example of Denmark is that wind co-operatives and support of the public can bring benefits. Now that talking about Nokia as a good example is not that much 'current', combined heat and power production in the manner proposed before could maybe be something to export from Estonia.
(Published in Maaleht)
English summary:
Greener and wiser energy production is worth the effort
In the beginning of 2013 every Estonian household will become a part of the open electricity market (as consumers) and there is an opportunity to use this to our advantage to balance regional development and maybe find ways for a new kind of entrepreneurship and technology export. The opportunity could lie in applying combined heat and power generation on a small scale.
Most of the areas with low population density use fossil fuels in their central heating systems, thus the price for MWh is between €50-€100. Especially harsh is the difference in rural areas where the income is lower and living conditions worse.
Wood is in the rural areas of Estonia available in abundance and also widely used in the form of pellets, wood chips and firewood. One of the most effective ways to use wood for heating is to produce wood gas. The heat produced in this way is sufficient for bigger households (farms for example) and central heating systems of smaller hamlets (<1 MW of thermal power). The gas enables to use generators to produce electricity that could be sold to the grid. Novel systems consume half of the fuel and utilize nearly all the energy available in wood.
From the financial aspect, a project of this kind would maybe pay off in 8 to 9 years, but it would be a long-lasting and stable investment. From the aspect of electricity sales the subsidies and feed-in-tariffs are of utmost importance. Production and also the consumption of electricity would be largest during winter, thus the price of electricity sold and the income from sales would be the highest. It is possible to store wood over longer periods of time and long-term supply contracts could grant a more stable, perhaps lower, fuel price. Sales of electricity also create an additional buffer helping to regulate the price of heat sold to the consumers.
Ülo Kask offered the forming of energy unions and a project like this would bring people and companies dealing in wood closer and help to increase cooperation in rural areas. Lower utility costs, greener and independent energy production together with citizens thinking of the future would make the rural areas lively once again. The example of Denmark is that wind co-operatives and support of the public can bring benefits. Now that talking about Nokia as a good example is not that much 'current', combined heat and power production in the manner proposed before could maybe be something to export from Estonia.
(Published in Maaleht)
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